Mauritio
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- Joined
- Feb 26, 2018
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These last weeks I had a rather positive experience with apple polyphenols, mostly in terms of hair health (Procyanidin B-2 Extracted from Apples Grows Hair in Clinical Trials of Male Pattern Baldness), but also general metabolic health.
Unfortunately, you cannot get the same polyphenols from Citrus fruits that you can get from apples. For example procyanidins (the major apple polyphenol) are only obtainable from apple and cocoa in high amounts (Showing all foods in which the polyphenol Procyanidin dimer B2 is found - Phenol-Explorer).
They really have a wide range of pro-metabolic effects: Increase in UCP1, Akkermansia, Th and dopamine, anti-viral, anti-bacterial,lowering TLR4,NLRP3, etc...
1. Increase UCP1 and Akkermansia
- Apple Polyphenols Extracts Ameliorate High Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Appetite - PubMed
2. Reduces hepatic steatosis and increases Akkermansia
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00596
3. Increases short chain fatty acids and tight junction proteins in the gut and decreases TLR4 and NF-kB expression
- Apple peel polyphenol alleviates antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis by modulating tight junction proteins, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and intestinal flora - PubMed
4. Lowers neuroinflammation, TLR4 and NLRP3 ( which is also implicated in hair loss)
- Apple Polyphenol Extract Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Associated Cognitive Impairment through Alleviating Neuroinflammation by Weakening TLR4 Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome in High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Fed LDLR-/- Male Mice - PubMed
5. Increase tyrosine hydroxilase and thus dopamine synthesis and UCP1, reduce fat acumulation
- Apple polyphenols induce browning of white adipose tissue - PubMed
6, Increases oxygen consumption, heat production and AMPK
- Dietary apple polyphenols promote fat browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α - PubMed
7. Increase hepatic FXR level,and reduce hepatic steatosis
- Apple Polyphenol Extract Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Male Mice - PubMed
8. Increase the enzyme CYP7A1 ,which coverts cholesterol into bile acids and is the rate limiting enzyme in this reaction.
- Dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic actions of dietary apple polyphenol in rats fed cholesterol - PubMed
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893479/
9. Anti-bacterial effect ,in this case, against C. difficile, plus a strong anti-inflammatory effect.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694464/
10. Increases autophagy, cytochrome c and several mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes
"...mitophagy-related protein levels were significantly increased. The enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III and IV were significantly higher in the AP intake group..."
- Dietary apple polyphenols enhance mitochondrial turnover and respiratory chain enzymes - PubMed
Unfortunately, you cannot get the same polyphenols from Citrus fruits that you can get from apples. For example procyanidins (the major apple polyphenol) are only obtainable from apple and cocoa in high amounts (Showing all foods in which the polyphenol Procyanidin dimer B2 is found - Phenol-Explorer).
They really have a wide range of pro-metabolic effects: Increase in UCP1, Akkermansia, Th and dopamine, anti-viral, anti-bacterial,lowering TLR4,NLRP3, etc...
1. Increase UCP1 and Akkermansia
- Apple Polyphenols Extracts Ameliorate High Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Appetite - PubMed
2. Reduces hepatic steatosis and increases Akkermansia
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00596
3. Increases short chain fatty acids and tight junction proteins in the gut and decreases TLR4 and NF-kB expression
- Apple peel polyphenol alleviates antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis by modulating tight junction proteins, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and intestinal flora - PubMed
4. Lowers neuroinflammation, TLR4 and NLRP3 ( which is also implicated in hair loss)
- Apple Polyphenol Extract Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Associated Cognitive Impairment through Alleviating Neuroinflammation by Weakening TLR4 Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome in High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet-Fed LDLR-/- Male Mice - PubMed
5. Increase tyrosine hydroxilase and thus dopamine synthesis and UCP1, reduce fat acumulation
- Apple polyphenols induce browning of white adipose tissue - PubMed
6, Increases oxygen consumption, heat production and AMPK
- Dietary apple polyphenols promote fat browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α - PubMed
7. Increase hepatic FXR level,and reduce hepatic steatosis
- Apple Polyphenol Extract Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Male Mice - PubMed
8. Increase the enzyme CYP7A1 ,which coverts cholesterol into bile acids and is the rate limiting enzyme in this reaction.
- Dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic actions of dietary apple polyphenol in rats fed cholesterol - PubMed
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893479/
9. Anti-bacterial effect ,in this case, against C. difficile, plus a strong anti-inflammatory effect.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9694464/
10. Increases autophagy, cytochrome c and several mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes
"...mitophagy-related protein levels were significantly increased. The enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II, III and IV were significantly higher in the AP intake group..."
- Dietary apple polyphenols enhance mitochondrial turnover and respiratory chain enzymes - PubMed
