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Eugenol
Cloves Effect on Parkinson’s Disease – Animal StudyEugenol helped reduce the loss of Dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA that was caused by Parkinson's Disease (6-OHDA).
Eugenol protected the dopamine-using neurons in the brain by helping to stop the oxidation of lipids in the cell membranes which produce more free radicals. This in turn allows enzymes (Catalase & GPx) that break down free radicals and convert Hydrogen Peroxide back into Water to be more effective.
Neuroprotective effects of eugenol against aluminum induced toxicity in the rat brain
Neuroprotective effects of eugenol against aluminum induced toxicity in the rat brain
Eugenol holds potential as a neuroprotective agent through its hydrophobic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, as well as its neurotrophic ability against Al-induced brain toxicity in rats.
Essential oil eugenol: sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives
Molecular mechanisms of eugenol in various nutraceutical properties
Antioxidant activity
Inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation
Inhibits ROS & RNS formations
Antimicrobial activity
Induces cell lysis in Gram positive & negative bacteria
Inhibition of IKK/NF-κB, ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways
Anti-inflammatory potential
Prevents inflammatory cytokine expression
Inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis
Suppresses COX-2 activity
Inactivates TNFα factors
Inhibits NF-kappaB pathways
Anti-cancer activity
Trigger cell apoptosis
Target E2E1/survivin pathways
Apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
Suppresses COX-2 gene in HT-29 human colon cells
Inhibits prostaglandin E2 production
Reduces DNA oxidation
Inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity (MMP-9)
Inactivates ERK proteins/pathways
Neuro-protective & anti-stress related perspectives
Inhibits lipid peroxidation
Prevents reduction in dopamine contents
Inhibitory action on 5-lipoxygenase activity
Reduces NO, MDA and ROS concentrations
Augments glutathione contents in cortex and cerebellum regions
Attenuate acetylcholinesterase activity and cytosolic calcium content in brain regions
Regulated serotonergic system in amygdala region
Diminishes RS-induced rise in plasma corticosterone levels
Augmented changes in serotonin (5-HT) levels
Decreases level of norepinephrine in brain regions
Reduces ulcer index
Modulates HPA & BMS
Antidiabetic potential
Inhibits α-glucosidases activity
Inhibits formation of AGE
Prevents attachment of glucose to serum albumin
Upregulates the concentration of antioxidative enzymes
Hypocholesterolemic perspectives
Scavenges free radicals
Maintains antioxidant status of body
Reduces cellular oxidative damage
Increases the concentration of SOD enzymes
Decreases the levels of serum MDA
Inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase