Studying cell respiration now due to what i think is low CO2 in my own case. I haven't officially studied biology so i am pretty new to this, only learned what i know since started reading Peats stuff.
I got a few questions, or would like some opinion, from you guys who study biology or know this better.
1.
According to this graphic, when looking at the first steps in the glycolysis, step 3 is fructose-6-phosphate, is this what Peat talks about, that fructose skips a step in the energy production chain?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_ ... ration.svg
2.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration :
"Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).[2] However, this maximum yield is never quite reached due to losses (leaky membranes) as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix, and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose.[2]"
So, if "leaky membranes" cause a lower amount of ATP to be produced, we should likely get a better production of ATP just by avoiding PUFA? But, is it the same that it takes 4 years for tissues to get rid of pufa, as "cell membranes" have no incorporated pufa? Since Peat has a different view on "membranes", how do we view something like "PUFA in a cell membrane"?
3.
They talk about O2 is the main electron acceptor, and some species can use other molecules for this. Is this where cascara and methylene blue plays a role, acting as an electron acceptor in place of oxygen if there is lack of it? I think haidut posted something about methylene blue only working in cells with inhibited respiration, so that should make sense.
4.
Peat has said that Saturated fatty acids are a good fuel source, and this is something which i have found a bit confusing. But he also said sugar generates more CO2. He himself ate high fat before.
This is from a post related to this:
"On a per molecule basis, it becomes clear that Fats are a much better source of energy to make ATP than are glucose molecules. Fat molecules are arranged in triglycerides–fully reduced molecule with three fatty acid chains, each of which may contain 18 carbons. Thus a single triglyceride has the potential to drive (18/2)*3=27 rounds of the citric acid cycle—as compared to two per molecule of glucose."
https://giantshoulders.wordpress.com/20 ... lycolysis/
Here is from the wiki of beta-oxidation:
"Fatty acid catabolism consists of:
*Activation and membrane transport of free fatty acids by binding to coenzyme A.
*Oxidation of the beta carbon to a carbonyl group.
*Cleavage of two-carbon segments resulting in acetyl-CoA.
*Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.
*Electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation."
"...the ATP yield of palmitate (C16, n = 8) is:
(8 - 1) * 14 + 10 - 2 = 106 ATP"
So apparently oxidation of fatty acids do generate CO2 as well.
----
This is confusing. Why is sugar better...
Or is it as simple as the only reason for his choice and recommendation is that not using fat is mainly because all fat have some amount of PUFA, and sugar is a way to avoid PUFA?
Im a noob regarding this so i cant make sense of all of this. Im pretty sure Peat has pretty clear reasons which i don't understand yet.
If we could get hydrogenated coconut oil, that would be really good i suppose, and Peat recently said he did find that now...
What are your opinions?
I got a few questions, or would like some opinion, from you guys who study biology or know this better.
1.
According to this graphic, when looking at the first steps in the glycolysis, step 3 is fructose-6-phosphate, is this what Peat talks about, that fructose skips a step in the energy production chain?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_ ... ration.svg
2.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration :
"Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).[2] However, this maximum yield is never quite reached due to losses (leaky membranes) as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix, and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose.[2]"
So, if "leaky membranes" cause a lower amount of ATP to be produced, we should likely get a better production of ATP just by avoiding PUFA? But, is it the same that it takes 4 years for tissues to get rid of pufa, as "cell membranes" have no incorporated pufa? Since Peat has a different view on "membranes", how do we view something like "PUFA in a cell membrane"?
3.
They talk about O2 is the main electron acceptor, and some species can use other molecules for this. Is this where cascara and methylene blue plays a role, acting as an electron acceptor in place of oxygen if there is lack of it? I think haidut posted something about methylene blue only working in cells with inhibited respiration, so that should make sense.
4.
Peat has said that Saturated fatty acids are a good fuel source, and this is something which i have found a bit confusing. But he also said sugar generates more CO2. He himself ate high fat before.
This is from a post related to this:
"On a per molecule basis, it becomes clear that Fats are a much better source of energy to make ATP than are glucose molecules. Fat molecules are arranged in triglycerides–fully reduced molecule with three fatty acid chains, each of which may contain 18 carbons. Thus a single triglyceride has the potential to drive (18/2)*3=27 rounds of the citric acid cycle—as compared to two per molecule of glucose."
https://giantshoulders.wordpress.com/20 ... lycolysis/
Here is from the wiki of beta-oxidation:
"Fatty acid catabolism consists of:
*Activation and membrane transport of free fatty acids by binding to coenzyme A.
*Oxidation of the beta carbon to a carbonyl group.
*Cleavage of two-carbon segments resulting in acetyl-CoA.
*Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.
*Electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation."
"...the ATP yield of palmitate (C16, n = 8) is:
(8 - 1) * 14 + 10 - 2 = 106 ATP"
So apparently oxidation of fatty acids do generate CO2 as well.
----
This is confusing. Why is sugar better...
Or is it as simple as the only reason for his choice and recommendation is that not using fat is mainly because all fat have some amount of PUFA, and sugar is a way to avoid PUFA?
Im a noob regarding this so i cant make sense of all of this. Im pretty sure Peat has pretty clear reasons which i don't understand yet.
If we could get hydrogenated coconut oil, that would be really good i suppose, and Peat recently said he did find that now...
What are your opinions?