Amazoniac
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Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system - Han - 2010 - Microbiology and Immunology - Wiley Online Library
I hesitated a bit to quote anything from this review since it has so many interesting observations, but here are some:
"OxLDL induced by infection may initially protect the host from the harmful effects of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, the pro- longed presence of oxLDL may contribute to atheroscle- rosis, since it is thought to play a central role in athero- genesis (61). Thus it obeys the rule that immunity is a double-edged sword (12). Furthermore, in addition to PC, other neoepitopes of oxLDL also induce production of anti-oxLDL antibodies, which may play an important role in the modulation of atherogenesis (62). "
"..LDL directly interacts with pathogens, including inactivating S. aureus α-toxin. Infections may induce oxidation of LDL. OxLDL plays important anti-infective roles in an indirect way via oxLDL-activated macrophage and oxLDLelicited anti-PC antibody. OxLDL also directly serves a protective role in endotoxin-induced tissue damage. In addition, oxLDL may inhibit the strain shows only minimal virulence in both wild-type and transgenic mice. Therefore, many infections may be inhibited or prevented to some extent if recruitment and activation of host Plg by pathogens is blocked or inhibited (73). We consider that Lp(a) might constitute part of the host defense systemforinhibiting pathogens by recruiting host plasmin(ogen), since it has an anti-fibrinolytic activity (74). In fact, one in vitro experiment has shown that Lp(a) inhibits Plg activation by streptokinase (75). We have also reported that Lp(a) inhibits binding between S. aureus CMCC26003 and Plg, and subsequently decreases urokinase-type Plg activator-activated fibrinolytic activity on streptococcal cells in vitro (presented at the Ninth National Conference on Plasma Lipoprotein, Xining, China, October 24, 2008). Thus, further research on the interaction of Lp(a) with other pathogens is warranted. In addition, Lp(a) is as potent as LDL in inhibiting LPS-stimulated tumornecrosis factor synthesis by human mononuclear cells (76). This implies that Lp(a) may be an important factor in determining the amplitude of the response to LPS in humans, as there is a great variation in Lp(a) concentrations among individuals (76). Therefore c entry of hepatic C virus into liver cells. Plasmodium sporozoite invasion of host hepatocytes is significantly reduced by ox-LDL, but not by LDL or HDL. HDL broadly, but mildly, prevents virus infections. Trypanosome lytic factors not only completely protect humans from infection by most species of African trypanosomes but also inhibit intracellular infection by Leishmania. Lp(a) might compete for the binding of Plg to pathogens and reduce the amount of Plg immobilized on the pathogen surface. Thus, Lp(a) might play an important role in preventing infections."
"We consider that Lp(a) might constitute part of the host defense systemforinhibiting pathogens by recruiting host plasmin(ogen), since it has an anti-fibrinolytic activity (74)."
"In addition, Lp(a) is as potent as LDL in inhibiting LPS-stimulated tumornecrosis factor synthesis by human mononuclear cells (76). This implies that Lp(a) may be an important factor in determining the amplitude of the response to LPS in humans, as there is a great variation in Lp(a) concentrations among individuals (76). Therefore c entry of hepatic C virus into liver cells. Plasmodium sporozoite invasion of host hepatocytes is significantly reduced by ox-LDL, but not by LDL or HDL. HDL broadly, but mildly, prevents virus infections. Trypanosome lytic factors not only completely protect humans from infection by most species of African trypanosomes but also inhibit intracellular infection by Leishmania. Lp(a) might compete for the binding of Plg to pathogens and reduce the amount of Plg immobilized on the pathogen surface. Thus, Lp(a) might play an important role in preventing infections. Lp(a), with its combination of apo(a) and LDL, might be a potent anti-infective molecule in humans."
I'm merely sharing because I thought that others might be interested. Any questions should be adressed to the forum member burtlancast, due to his extensive knowledge in life. : idi
I hesitated a bit to quote anything from this review since it has so many interesting observations, but here are some:
"OxLDL induced by infection may initially protect the host from the harmful effects of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, the pro- longed presence of oxLDL may contribute to atheroscle- rosis, since it is thought to play a central role in athero- genesis (61). Thus it obeys the rule that immunity is a double-edged sword (12). Furthermore, in addition to PC, other neoepitopes of oxLDL also induce production of anti-oxLDL antibodies, which may play an important role in the modulation of atherogenesis (62). "
"..LDL directly interacts with pathogens, including inactivating S. aureus α-toxin. Infections may induce oxidation of LDL. OxLDL plays important anti-infective roles in an indirect way via oxLDL-activated macrophage and oxLDLelicited anti-PC antibody. OxLDL also directly serves a protective role in endotoxin-induced tissue damage. In addition, oxLDL may inhibit the strain shows only minimal virulence in both wild-type and transgenic mice. Therefore, many infections may be inhibited or prevented to some extent if recruitment and activation of host Plg by pathogens is blocked or inhibited (73). We consider that Lp(a) might constitute part of the host defense systemforinhibiting pathogens by recruiting host plasmin(ogen), since it has an anti-fibrinolytic activity (74). In fact, one in vitro experiment has shown that Lp(a) inhibits Plg activation by streptokinase (75). We have also reported that Lp(a) inhibits binding between S. aureus CMCC26003 and Plg, and subsequently decreases urokinase-type Plg activator-activated fibrinolytic activity on streptococcal cells in vitro (presented at the Ninth National Conference on Plasma Lipoprotein, Xining, China, October 24, 2008). Thus, further research on the interaction of Lp(a) with other pathogens is warranted. In addition, Lp(a) is as potent as LDL in inhibiting LPS-stimulated tumornecrosis factor synthesis by human mononuclear cells (76). This implies that Lp(a) may be an important factor in determining the amplitude of the response to LPS in humans, as there is a great variation in Lp(a) concentrations among individuals (76). Therefore c entry of hepatic C virus into liver cells. Plasmodium sporozoite invasion of host hepatocytes is significantly reduced by ox-LDL, but not by LDL or HDL. HDL broadly, but mildly, prevents virus infections. Trypanosome lytic factors not only completely protect humans from infection by most species of African trypanosomes but also inhibit intracellular infection by Leishmania. Lp(a) might compete for the binding of Plg to pathogens and reduce the amount of Plg immobilized on the pathogen surface. Thus, Lp(a) might play an important role in preventing infections."
"We consider that Lp(a) might constitute part of the host defense systemforinhibiting pathogens by recruiting host plasmin(ogen), since it has an anti-fibrinolytic activity (74)."
"In addition, Lp(a) is as potent as LDL in inhibiting LPS-stimulated tumornecrosis factor synthesis by human mononuclear cells (76). This implies that Lp(a) may be an important factor in determining the amplitude of the response to LPS in humans, as there is a great variation in Lp(a) concentrations among individuals (76). Therefore c entry of hepatic C virus into liver cells. Plasmodium sporozoite invasion of host hepatocytes is significantly reduced by ox-LDL, but not by LDL or HDL. HDL broadly, but mildly, prevents virus infections. Trypanosome lytic factors not only completely protect humans from infection by most species of African trypanosomes but also inhibit intracellular infection by Leishmania. Lp(a) might compete for the binding of Plg to pathogens and reduce the amount of Plg immobilized on the pathogen surface. Thus, Lp(a) might play an important role in preventing infections. Lp(a), with its combination of apo(a) and LDL, might be a potent anti-infective molecule in humans."
I'm merely sharing because I thought that others might be interested. Any questions should be adressed to the forum member burtlancast, due to his extensive knowledge in life. : idi
